Manager below
When the manager singles out individual contribution less than the person would like, a significant input can go unseen, even when the team's result is praised. The effort-reward imbalance model helps explain why this gap weighs. It describes work as an exchange in which the effort given calls for three forms of reward in return: pay, career prospects or job security, and esteem [1]. Situations where effort stays high and the return stays low are treated in the model as particularly stressful [1]. A meta-analysis of eight cohorts followed over time, covering nearly 85,000 employees, associates this imbalance with a higher risk of depressive disorders [2]. These studies measure rewards as a whole, not the manager's recognition alone; they do show, however, that esteem is part of the exchange, alongside pay and prospects. What can help: recognition that names precisely what the person brought to the result, and the person making their share visible when several contributions are intertwined, for instance by describing what they took charge of.